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Probability

How Do Bernoulli Gate Networks Create Structured Randomness?

Using Bernoulli Gate Networks in Generative Music

Bernoulli gates are among the most useful probability tools in modular synthesis.

A network of Bernoulli gates can generate surprisingly structured randomness.

Series… read more

What Happens When One Sample & Hold Module Triggers Another?

The Inheritance of Randomness: Cascading Sample & Hold Modules

Randomness can be passed from one module to another.

This creates a hierarchy of random behaviour.

The Principle

One Sample & Hold module… read more

What Are Different Ways to Create Randomness in Modular Generative Music?

Five Faces of Randomness in Generative Music

Randomness is one of the defining characteristics of generative music. However, not all randomness behaves the same way.

A random process can influence:

… read more

How Can Random Voltages Be Controlled Without Losing Their Character?

Sculpting Randomness and Setting Limits in Modular Synthesis

Randomness becomes most useful when it operates inside meaningful boundaries.

The goal is rarely maximum chaos.

The goal is controlled… read more

How Do Bernoulli Gates Create Random Signal Routing?

Bernoulli Gates: The Coin Toss of Modular Synthesis

A Bernoulli gate is one of the simplest probability devices in modular synthesis.

Each incoming clock pulse is routed to one of two possible outputs according to a probability… read more

What Is a Stochastic Sequencer and How Does It Work?

Stochastic Sequencers: Probability-Based Melody Generation

Stochastic sequencers take the idea of adjustable randomness significantly further than ordinary random trigger sequencers.

Instead of influencing only rhythm, they can… read more

How Do Random Trigger Sequencers Control the Amount of Randomness?

Random Trigger Sequencers and Adjustable Randomness

Many modern trigger sequencers allow patterns to change automatically.

Instead of manually programming every event, the module generates new trigger distributions… read more

How Do Euclidean Sequencers Create Complex Rhythms?

Euclidean Sequencers: Controlled Irregularity in Generative Music

Euclidean sequencers occupy an interesting position between order and apparent randomness.

They do not generate random patterns at all. Instead, they distribute events… read more

How Do Gray Code Modules Generate Apparently Random Sequences?

Gray Code Modules: Creating Perfect Pseudo-Random Trigger Patterns

Not every apparently random musical process is actually random.

Some systems produce results that sound highly unpredictable while following strict… read more

What Is the Difference Between Random and Stochastic Music Generation?

Randomness vs Stochastic Processes in Generative Music

The words random and stochastic are often used interchangeably in electronic music discussions. While probability theory generally treats them as closely related… read more