Can Sample & Hold Capture Complex LFO Networks?

White noise is not the only signal that can be sampled.

In fact, one of the most interesting applications of Sample & Hold involves sampling complex modulation networks.… read more

How Can Filters and VCAs Control Random Voltages?

Many musicians assume that random voltages generated by a Sample & Hold module must remain completely random.

In reality, the character of randomness can be shaped and… read more

How Does Sample & Hold Generate Random Voltages?

Sample & Hold is one of the classic techniques used to generate random voltages in modular synthesis.

Although the basic patch is simple, its musical potential extends far… read more

How Do Probability Masks Shape Random Musical Events?

One of the most powerful ideas in generative composition is the probability mask.

Rather than determining exactly which event will occur, a probability mask influences how likely different… read more

What Is the Difference Between Random and Stochastic Music Generation?

The words random and stochastic are often used interchangeably in electronic music discussions. While probability theory generally treats them as closely related… read more

Can Recorded Control Voltages Become Generative Modulation Sources?

Most musicians think of sampling as an audio technique.

However, many modular systems can also record and replay control voltages.

This capability… read more

How Does a Turing Machine Create Repeating Random Melodies?

Few modules have influenced modern generative modular synthesis as much as the Turing Machine.

Its popularity stems from a simple but powerful idea: allowing a… read more

How Can Sequential Switches Create New Generative Modulation Patterns?

At first glance, a sequential switch appears to be little more than a routing utility.

Its purpose seems simple: connect several inputs… read more

How Can Shift Registers Generate Repeating Yet Unpredictable Sequences?

Few modules appear less suited to creating regular cycles than shift registers.

Yet with a small modification they become remarkably effective… read more

Can a Sequencer Function as an LFO in Generative Music?

Most musicians think of sequencers as note generators.

Yet a sequencer is fundamentally a device that outputs a repeating sequence of voltages. Viewed from this perspective,… read more